← Canadian Aviation Regulations
Part IX — Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems
This Subpart applies in respect of the operation of remotely piloted aircraft systems that include a small remotely piloted aircraft or a medium remotely piloted aircraft.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 49
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[Reserved, SOR/2025-70, s. 50]
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[Reserved, SOR/2025-70, s. 50]
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[Reserved, SOR/2025-70, s. 50]
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[Reserved, SOR/2025-70, s. 50]
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[Reserved, SOR/2025-70, s. 50]
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[Reserved, SOR/2025-70, s. 50]
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[Reserved, SOR/2025-70, s. 50]
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[Reserved, SOR/2025-70, s. 50]
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Subject to subsection (2), no pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system unless the pilot or a visual observer has the aircraft in visual line-of-sight.
A pilot may operate a remotely piloted aircraft system without the pilot or a visual observer having the aircraft in visual line-of-sight if the operation is one referred to in paragraph 901.62(b) or (c) that is conducted in accordance with Division V or is an operation referred to in section 901.87 that is conducted in accordance with Division VI or if the operation is conducted in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 51
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[Reserved, SOR/2025-70, s. 52]
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Subject to subsection (2), no pilot operating a remotely piloted aircraft shall cause the aircraft to leave Canadian Domestic Airspace.
A pilot may operate a remotely piloted aircraft outside of Canadian Domestic Airspace if the operation is conducted in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 53
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft in controlled airspace except in accordance with
subsection 901.71(1), in the case of an operation conducted under Division V; and
a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03, in any other case.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 53; SOR/2025-70, s. 54
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A pilot of a remotely piloted aircraft shall ensure that the appropriate ATS unit or user agency is notified immediately any time the aircraft is no longer under the pilot’s control and inadvertently enters or is likely to enter into controlled airspace.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 53; SOR/2025-98, s. 24; SOR/2025-226, s. 25
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A pilot that operates a remotely piloted aircraft system shall immediately cease operations if aviation safety or the safety of any person is endangered or likely to be endangered.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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A pilot of a remotely piloted aircraft shall give way to power-driven heavier-than-air aircraft, airships, gliders and balloons at all times.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft in such proximity to another aircraft as to create a risk of collision.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No person shall act as a crew member of a remotely piloted aircraft system if the person
is suffering or is likely to suffer from fatigue; or
is otherwise unfit to perform properly the person’s duties.
No person shall act as a crew member of a remotely piloted aircraft system
within 12 hours after consuming an alcoholic beverage;
while under the influence of alcohol; or
while using any drug that impairs the person’s faculties to the extent that aviation safety or the safety of any person is endangered or likely to be endangered.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system if visual observers are used to assist the pilot in detecting and avoiding conflicting air traffic and other hazards unless reliable and timely communication is maintained between the pilot and each visual observer during the operation.
A visual observer shall communicate information to the pilot in a timely manner, during the operation, whenever the visual observer detects conflicting air traffic, hazards to aviation safety or hazards to persons on the surface.
No visual observer shall perform visual observer duties for more than one remotely piloted aircraft at a time unless the aircraft are operated in accordance with subsection 901.40(1) or in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
No visual observer shall perform visual observer duties while operating a moving vehicle, vessel or aircraft.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 55
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Every crew member of a remotely piloted aircraft system shall, during flight time, comply with the instructions of the pilot.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft that carries persons on board except in accordance with a special flight operations certificate – RPAS issued under section 903.03.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 56
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system unless the following procedures are established:
normal operating procedures, including pre-flight, take-off, launch, approach, landing and recovery procedures; and
emergency procedures, including with respect to
a control station failure,
an equipment failure,
a failure of the remotely piloted aircraft,
a loss of the command and control link,
a fly-away,
flight termination, and
the detection and avoidance of conflicting air traffic and other hazards.
If the manufacturer of the remotely piloted aircraft system or the person who has made a declaration referred to in section 901.194 in respect of that model of system provides instructions with respect to the topics referred to in paragraphs (1)(a) and (b), the procedures established under subsection (1) shall reflect those instructions.
No pilot shall conduct the take-off or launch of a remotely piloted aircraft unless the procedures referred to in subsection (1) are reviewed before the flight by, and are immediately available to, each crew member.
No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system unless the operation is conducted in accordance with the procedures referred to in subsection (1).
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 57
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A pilot of a remotely piloted aircraft shall, before commencing a flight, be familiar with the information that is relevant to the intended flight, including
the results of the site survey conducted under section 901.27;
any declaration referred to in section 901.194 made in respect of the model of remotely piloted aircraft system to be used for the flight; and
the qualifications of all crew members.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 58
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Subject to subsection (2), no pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft at an altitude greater than
400 feet (122 m) AGL; or
100 feet (30 m) above any building or structure, if the aircraft is being operated at a distance of less than 200 feet (61 m), measured horizontally, from the building or structure.
A pilot may operate a remotely piloted aircraft at an altitude greater than those set out in subsection (1) if the operation is conducted in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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Unless the operation is conducted under Division V, no pilot shall operate
a small remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation at a distance of less than 100 feet (30 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation; or
a medium remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation at a distance of less than 500 feet (152.4 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 59
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system unless, before commencing the operation, they determine that the operational volume is suitable by conducting a site survey that takes into account the following factors:
the type of airspace and any requirements applicable to the flight geography, including any specified in a NOTAM;
the altitudes and routes to be used for approach, take-off, launch, landing or recovery;
the proximity of other aircraft operations;
the proximity of airports, heliports and other aerodromes;
the location and height of obstacles, including wires, masts, buildings, cell phone towers and wind turbines;
the predominant weather and environmental conditions and the weather forecast for the duration of the flight;
in the case of a VLOS operation, an extended VLOS operation or a sheltered operation, the horizontal distance from any person not involved in the operation; and
in the case of a BVLOS operation, the distance from any populated area or sparsely populated area.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 60
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A pilot of a remotely piloted aircraft shall, before commencing a flight,
ensure that there is a sufficient amount of fuel or energy for safe completion of the flight;
ensure that each crew member, before acting as a crew member, has been instructed
with respect to the duties that the crew member is to perform, and
on the location and use of any emergency equipment associated with the operation of the remotely piloted aircraft system; and
determine the maximum distance from the pilot the aircraft can travel without endangering aviation safety or the safety of any person.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No pilot shall conduct the take-off or launch of a remotely piloted aircraft, or permit the take-off or launch of a remotely piloted aircraft to be conducted, unless the pilot ensures that
the aircraft is serviceable;
the remotely piloted aircraft system has been maintained, and all mandatory actions have been completed, in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer or of the person who has made a declaration referred to in section 901.194 in respect of that model of system; and
all equipment required by these Regulations or the manufacturer’s instructions, including any system element necessary to support the operation of the remotely piloted aircraft system, is installed, if applicable, and serviceable.
[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 61]
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 61
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No pilot shall conduct the take-off or launch of a remotely piloted aircraft unless the operating manuals applicable to the remotely piloted aircraft system of which the aircraft is an element are immediately available to crew members.
No pilot shall conduct the take-off or launch of a remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a BVLOS operation under Division VI unless the RPAS operator’s RPAS operations manual is immediately available to crew members.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 62
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system unless it is operated in accordance with the applicable operating manuals.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 63
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system that is not designed to allow pilot intervention in the management of a flight.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 64
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A pilot of a remotely piloted aircraft shall, before take-off, launch, approach, landing or recovery,
ensure that there is no likelihood of collision with another aircraft, person or obstacle; and
ensure that the site set aside for take-off, launch, landing or recovery, as the case may be, is suitable for the intended operation.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation unless the weather conditions at the time of flight permit
the operation to be conducted in accordance with the operating manuals applicable to the remotely piloted aircraft system of which the aircraft is an element; and
the pilot or any visual observer to conduct the entire flight in visual-line-of-sight.
If the ground visibility is four miles or less, no pilot shall operate a medium remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation at a distance of more than half of the ground visibility unless the operation is conducted in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
Subject to subsection (4), no pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a BVLOS operation unless ground visibility is not less than three miles and the aircraft is operated clear of cloud.
A pilot may operate a remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a BVLOS operation in cloud or when the ground visibility is less than three miles if
a declaration referred to in section 901.194 has been made in respect of the model of remotely piloted aircraft system of which the aircraft is an element and in respect of the technical requirements set out in section 922.10 of Standard 922 and the operating manuals applicable to the system allow for operation in those conditions; or
the operation is conducted in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 65
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system when icing conditions are observed, are reported to exist or are likely to be encountered along the route of flight unless the aircraft is equipped with de-icing or anti-icing equipment or the pilot has a means to detect icing.
No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system with frost, ice or snow adhering to any of the critical surfaces of the remotely piloted aircraft.
For the purposes of subsection (2), critical surfaces means the wings, control surfaces, rotors, propellers, horizontal stabilizers, vertical stabilizers or any other stabilizing surfaces of the remotely piloted aircraft, as well as any other surfaces identified as critical surfaces in the operating manuals applicable to the system.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 66
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft in formation with other aircraft except by pre-arrangement between the pilots of the aircraft in respect of the intended flight.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft while operating a moving vehicle, vessel or manned aircraft.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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Unless the operation is conducted under Division VI, no pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system using a first-person view device unless a visual observer maintains unaided visual contact with the airspace beyond the field of view displayed on the device in order to detect conflicting air traffic and other hazards and take action to avoid them.
For the purposes of subsection (1), first-person view device means a device that generates and transmits a streaming video image to a control station display or monitor, giving the pilot of a remotely piloted aircraft the illusion of flying the aircraft from an onboard pilot’s perspective.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 67
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Subject to subsection (3), no pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a BVLOS operation unless the aircraft is equipped with anti-collision lights and those lights are turned on.
For the purposes of subsection (1), anti-collision lights shall
be white in colour;
for operations at night, be visible using night-vision goggles;
flash at a rate of not less than 40, and not more than 100, cycles per minute;
be visible in all directions within 75 degrees above and below the horizontal plane of the aircraft, with the exception of solid angles of obstructed visibility totalling not more than 0.5 steradians; and
have an intensity such that they are visible in all directions from a distance of not less than one mile.
Anti-collision lights may be turned off if the pilot determines that, because of operating conditions, doing so would be in the interests of aviation safety.
SOR/2025-70, s. 68
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system at night unless the remotely piloted aircraft is equipped with lights that are sufficient to allow the aircraft to be visible to the pilot or a visual observer, whether with or without night-vision goggles, and those lights are turned on.
No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system using night-vision goggles unless the goggles are capable of, or the person has another means of, detecting all light within the visual spectrum.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 69
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Subject to subsections (2) and (3), no pilot shall operate more than one remotely piloted aircraft at a time unless
the aircraft are operated to conduct a VLOS operation;
the aircraft are operated in accordance with the operating manuals applicable to the remotely piloted aircraft system;
the remotely piloted aircraft system is designed to permit the operation of multiple aircraft from a single control station; and
no more than five aircraft are operated at a time.
A pilot may operate more than five remotely piloted aircraft at a time if the operation is conducted in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
A pilot may operate more than one remotely piloted aircraft at a time to conduct an operation that is not a VLOS operation if the operation is conducted in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 70
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system at any advertised event except in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
Subsection (1) does not apply to the operation of a remotely piloted aircraft system for the purpose of an operation to save human life, a police operation, a fire-fighting operation or any other operation that is conducted in the service of a public authority.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 70
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No pilot shall hand over their responsibilities to another pilot during flight unless, before the take-off or launch of a remotely piloted aircraft,
a pre-arrangement in respect of the handover has been made between the pilots; and
a procedure has been developed to mitigate the risk of loss of control of the aircraft.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 71(F)
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Subject to subsection (2), no pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system if the aircraft is transporting a payload that
[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 72]
includes weapons, ammunition or other equipment designed for use in war;
could create a hazard to aviation safety or cause injury to persons; or
is attached to the aircraft by means of a line, unless the operation is conducted in accordance with the operating manuals applicable to the system.
A pilot may operate a remotely piloted aircraft system when the aircraft is transporting a payload referred to in subsection (1) if the operation is conducted in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 72
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No pilot shall activate a system that terminates the flight of a remotely piloted aircraft if it will endanger or will likely endanger aviation safety or the safety of any person.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 73
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft equipped with an ELT.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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Subject to subsection (2), no pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system if the aircraft is in the transponder airspace referred to in section 601.03 unless the aircraft is equipped with a transponder and automatic pressure-altitude reporting equipment.
An air traffic control unit may authorize a pilot to operate a remotely piloted aircraft that is not equipped in accordance with subsection (1) within the airspace referred to in section 601.03 if
the air traffic control unit provides an air traffic control service in respect of that airspace;
the pilot made a request to the air traffic control unit to operate the aircraft within that airspace before the aircraft entered the airspace; and
aviation safety is not likely to be affected.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft at or near an aerodrome that is listed in the Canada Flight Supplement or the Water Aerodrome Supplement in a manner that could interfere with an aircraft operating in the established traffic pattern.
Subject to section 901.73, no pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation if the aircraft is at a distance of less than
three nautical miles from the centre of an airport; and
one nautical mile from the centre of a heliport.
No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a BVLOS operation if the aircraft is at a distance of less than five nautical miles from the centre of an aerodrome that is listed in the Canada Flight Supplement or the Water Aerodrome Supplement unless the operation is conducted in accordance with a special flight operations certificate — RPAS issued under section 903.03.
No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft if the aircraft is at a distance of less than three nautical miles from the centre of an aerodrome operated under the authority of the Minister of National Defence unless authorized to do so by the Department of National Defence.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 74
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Every owner of a remotely piloted aircraft system shall keep the following records:
a record containing the names of the pilots and other crew members who are involved in each flight and, in respect of the system, the time of each flight or series of flights; and
a record containing the particulars of any mandatory action and any other maintenance action, modification or repair performed on the system, including
the names of the persons who performed them,
the dates they were undertaken,
in the case of a modification, the manufacturer, model and a description of the part or equipment installed to modify the system, and
if applicable, any instructions provided to complete the work.
Every owner of a remotely piloted aircraft system shall ensure that the records referred to in subsection (1) are made available to the Minister on request and are retained for a period of
in the case of the records referred to in paragraph (1)(a), 12 months after the day on which they are created; and
in the case of the records referred to in paragraph (1)(b), 24 months after the day on which they are created.
Every owner of a remotely piloted aircraft system who transfers ownership of the system to another person shall, at the time of transfer, also deliver to that person all of the records referred to in paragraph (1)(b).
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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A pilot that operates a remotely piloted aircraft system shall immediately cease operations if any of the following incidents or accidents occurs until such time as an analysis is undertaken as to the cause of the occurrence and corrective actions have been taken to mitigate the risk of recurrence:
injuries to any person requiring medical attention;
unintended contact between the aircraft and persons;
unanticipated damage incurred to the airframe, control station, payload or command and control links that adversely affects the performance or flight characteristics of the aircraft;
any time the aircraft is not kept within horizontal boundaries or altitude limits;
any collision with or risk of collision with another aircraft;
any time the aircraft becomes uncontrollable, experiences a fly-away or is missing; and
any incident not referred to in paragraphs (a) to (f) for which a police report has been filed or for which a Civil Aviation Daily Occurrence Report has resulted.
The pilot of the remotely piloted aircraft system shall keep, and make available to the Minister on request, a record of any analyses undertaken under subsection (1) for a period of 12 months after the day on which the record is created.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No pilot shall create a hazard to persons or property on the surface by dropping an object from a remotely piloted aircraft in flight.
SOR/2025-70, s. 75
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The pilot of a remotely piloted aircraft system of a model for which a declaration referred to in section 901.194 has been made and for which an acceptance letter has been issued under section 901.196 shall ensure that any reportable service difficulty that is discovered with respect to the system is reported to the person who has made the declaration as soon as feasible after the discovery.
SOR/2025-70, s. 75
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This Division applies in respect of the operation of small remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation in uncontrolled airspace and at a distance of not less than 100 feet (30 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 76
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Subject to subsection (2), no person shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless the person
is at least 14 years of age; and
holds
a pilot certificate — small remotely piloted aircraft (VLOS) — basic operations issued under section 901.55,
a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations issued under section 901.64, or
a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations issued under section 901.90.
Subsection (1) does not apply if the operation of the remotely piloted aircraft system is conducted under the direct supervision of a person who is permitted to operate such a system under this Division, Division V or Division VI.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 77
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The Minister shall, on receipt of an application, issue a pilot certificate — small remotely piloted aircraft (VLOS) — basic operations if the applicant demonstrates to the Minister that the applicant
is at least 14 years of age; and
has successfully completed the examination “Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems — Basic Operations” in accordance with the document entitled Knowledge Requirements for Pilots of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, 250 g up to and including 150 kg, Basic and Advanced Operations, TP 15263, published by the Minister.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 78
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No holder of a pilot certificate — small remotely piloted aircraft (VLOS) — basic operations, a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations or a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless the holder has, within the 24 months preceding the flight,
been issued a pilot certificate — small remotely piloted aircraft (VLOS) — basic operations under section 901.55, a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations under section 901.64 or a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations under section 901.90; or
successfully completed
any of the examinations referred to in paragraph 901.55(b), 901.64(b) or 901.90(d),
any of the flight reviews referred to in paragraph 901.64(c) or 901.90(e), or
any of the recurrent training activities set out in section 921.04 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft.
The person referred to in subsection (1) shall keep a record of all activities referred to in paragraph (1)(b), including the dates on which they were completed, for at least 24 months after the day on which they were completed.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 79
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless both of the following are easily accessible to the pilot during the operation of the system:
the pilot certificate — small remotely piloted aircraft (VLOS) — basic operations issued under section 901.55, the pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations issued under section 901.64 or the pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations issued under section 901.90; and
documentation demonstrating that the pilot meets the recency requirements set out in section 901.56.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 80
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No person shall, in respect of an examination taken under this Division,
copy or remove from any place all or any portion of the text of the examination;
give help to or accept help from any person during the examination, unless authorized by the Minister for accommodation purposes; or
complete all or any portion of the examination on behalf of any other person.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 81
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No person who fails an examination taken under this Division shall retake the examination for a period of 24 hours after the examination.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 82
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This Division applies in respect of the following operations of a remotely piloted aircraft system:
the operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation
in controlled airspace,
at a distance of less than 100 feet (30 m) but not less than 16.4 feet (5 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation,
at a distance of less than 16.4 feet (5 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation, or
within three nautical miles from the centre of an airport or within one nautical mile from the centre of a heliport;
the operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft to conduct an extended VLOS operation in uncontrolled airspace;
the operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a sheltered operation;
the operation of a medium remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation in uncontrolled airspace and at a distance of 500 feet (152.4 m) or more, measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation;
the operation of a medium remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation in uncontrolled airspace and at a distance of less than 500 feet (152.4 m) but not less than 100 feet (30 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation;
the operation of a medium remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation at a distance of less than 100 feet (30 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation; and
the operation of a medium remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a VLOS operation in controlled airspace.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 83
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Subject to subsection (2), no person shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless the person
is at least 16 years of age; and
holds either
a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations issued under section 901.64, or
a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations issued under section 901.90.
Subsection (1) does not apply if the operation of the remotely piloted aircraft system is conducted under the direct supervision of a person who is permitted to operate such a system under this Division or Division VI.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 84
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The Minister shall, on receipt of an application, issue a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations if the applicant demonstrates to the Minister that the applicant
is at least 16 years of age;
has successfully completed the examination “Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems — Advanced Operations” in accordance with the document entitled Knowledge Requirements for Pilots of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, 250 g up to and including 150 kg, Basic and Advanced Operations, TP 15263, published by the Minister; and
has, within 12 months before the date of application, successfully completed a flight review in accordance with section 921.02 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft conducted by a person qualified to act as a flight reviewer under subsection 901.175(1).
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2021-152, s. 13(F); SOR/2025-70, s. 85; SOR/2025-70, s. 98
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No holder of a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations or a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless the holder has, within the 24 months preceding the flight,
been issued a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations under section 901.64 or a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations under section 901.90; or
successfully completed
any of the examinations referred to in paragraph 901.55(b), 901.64(b) or 901.90(d),
any of the flight reviews referred to in paragraph 901.64(c) or 901.90(e), or
any of the recurrent training activities set out in section 921.04 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft.
The person referred to in subsection (1) shall keep a record of all activities completed in accordance with paragraph (1)(b), including the dates on which they were completed, for at least 24 months after the day on which they were completed.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2021-152, s. 14(F); SOR/2025-70, s. 86
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless both of the following are easily accessible during the operation of the system:
the pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations issued under section 901.64 or the pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations issued under section 901.90; and
documentation demonstrating that the pilot meets the recency requirements set out in section 901.65.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 87
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No person shall commit an act referred to in paragraphs 901.58(a) to (c) in respect of an examination taken under this Division.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 88(F)
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No person who fails an examination or a flight review taken under this Division shall retake the examination or flight review for a period of 24 hours after the examination or review.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 89
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division to conduct any of the following operations unless a declaration to the Minister has been made in accordance with section 901.194 in respect of that model of system and in respect of each of the technical requirements set out in Standard 922 that is applicable to the operation:
the VLOS operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft in controlled airspace;
the VLOS operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft at a distance of less than 100 feet (30 m) but not less than 16.4 feet (5 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation;
the VLOS operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft at a distance of less than 16.4 feet (5 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation;
the operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a sheltered operation in controlled airspace;
the VLOS operation of a medium remotely piloted aircraft at a distance of 500 feet (152.4 m) or more, measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation;
the VLOS operation of a medium remotely piloted aircraft at a distance of less than 500 feet (152.4 m) but not less than 100 feet (30 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation;
the VLOS operation of a medium remotely piloted aircraft at a distance of less than 100 feet (30 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation; or
the VLOS operation of a medium remotely piloted aircraft in controlled airspace.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 89
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No pilot shall conduct any of the operations described in section 901.69 using a remotely piloted aircraft system that has been modified in any way unless
the pilot is able to demonstrate to the Minister that, despite the modification, the system continues to meet the technical requirements set out in Standard 922 that are applicable to the operation; and
if applicable, the modification was performed in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the part or equipment used to modify the system.
No pilot shall conduct an operation described in paragraph 901.69(f) or (g) using a remotely piloted aircraft system that has been modified in any way unless the modification was performed in accordance with the instructions of the person who has made a declaration referred to in 901.194 in respect of that model of system.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 90
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft in controlled airspace under this Division unless an authorization has been issued by the provider of air traffic services in the area of operation and, if requested, the following information has been provided to that provider:
the date, time and duration of the operation;
the category, registration number and physical characteristics of the aircraft;
the vertical and horizontal boundaries of the area of operation;
[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 91]
[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 91]
[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 91]
the name, contact information and pilot certificate number of any pilot of the aircraft;
the procedures and flight profiles to be followed in the case of a lost command and control link;
the procedures to be followed in emergency situations;
the process and the time required to terminate the operation; and
any other information required by the provider of air traffic services that is necessary for the provision of air traffic management.
Despite section 901.25, a pilot may operate a remotely piloted aircraft in controlled airspace under this Division at an altitude above those referred to in that section if an authorization to that effect has been issued by the provider of air traffic services in the area of operation.
No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft in controlled airspace under this Division unless the authorization referred to in subsection (1) is easily accessible to the pilot during the operation.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 91
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The pilot of a remotely piloted aircraft operating in controlled airspace under this Division shall comply with all of the air traffic control instructions directed at the pilot.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division if the remotely piloted aircraft is at a distance of less than three nautical miles from the centre of an airport or less than one nautical mile from the centre of a heliport unless the operation is conducted in accordance with the established procedure with respect to the safe use of remotely piloted aircraft systems that is applicable to that airport or heliport.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 92
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division to conduct an extended VLOS operation or a sheltered operation unless
the pilot and control station are located at the site set aside for take-off, launch, landing or recovery at the time of those activities;
the remotely piloted aircraft is at a distance of not more than two nautical miles from the pilot, the control station and the visual observer at any time during the flight; and
the operation is conducted at a distance of at least 100 feet (30 m), measured horizontally and at any altitude, from any person not involved in the operation.
No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division to conduct an extended VLOS operation unless a visual observer maintains unaided visual contact with the airspace in which the remotely piloted aircraft is operating in a manner sufficient to detect conflicting air traffic and other hazards and take action to avoid them.
SOR/2025-70, s. 93
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No visual observer shall perform visual observer duties with respect to an extended VLOS operation under this Division unless they
hold
a pilot certificate — small remotely piloted aircraft (VLOS) — basic operations issued under section 901.55,
a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations issued under section 901.64, or
a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations issued under section 901.90;
maintain unaided visual contact with the airspace in which the remotely piloted aircraft is operating in a manner sufficient to detect conflicting air traffic and other hazards and take action to avoid them; and
remain at a distance of not more than two nautical miles from the remotely piloted aircraft at all times during the flight.
SOR/2025-70, s. 93
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[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 94]
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[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 94]
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[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 94]
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[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 94]
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[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 94]
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[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 94]
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[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 94]
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[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 94]
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[Repealed, SOR/2025-70, s. 94]
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This Division applies in respect of the following operations of a remotely piloted aircraft system:
the operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft or a medium remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a BVLOS operation in uncontrolled airspace and at a distance of not less than 1 km from a populated area; and
the operation of a small remotely piloted aircraft to conduct a BVLOS operation in uncontrolled airspace over a sparsely populated area or at a distance of less than 1 km from a populated area.
SOR/2019-11, s. 23; SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No person shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless the person
is an RPAS operator or an employee, an agent or mandatary or a representative of an RPAS operator; and
complies with the conditions in the RPAS operator certificate issued to the RPAS operator.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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Subject to subsection (2), no person shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless the person
is at least 18 years of age; and
holds a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations issued under section 901.90.
Subsection (1) does not apply if the operation of the remotely piloted aircraft system is for the purpose of training and is conducted under the direct supervision of a person who is 18 years of age or older and who is permitted to operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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The Minister shall, on receipt of an application, issue a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations if the applicant demonstrates to the Minister that the applicant
is at least 18 years of age;
has successfully completed the examination “Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems — Advanced Operations” in accordance with the document entitled Knowledge Requirements for Pilots of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, 250 g up to and including 150 kg, Basic and Advanced Operations, TP 15263, published by the Minister;
has completed 20 hours of RPAS ground school instruction delivered by a training provider referred to in section 901.182 and covering the subjects set out in the document entitled Knowledge Requirements for Pilots of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems — Level 1 Complex Operations, TP 15530, published by the Minister;
has, after completion of the instruction referred to in paragraph (c), successfully completed the examination “Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems — Level 1 Complex Operations” in accordance with the document entitled Knowledge Requirements for Pilots of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems — Level 1 Complex Operations, TP 15530, published by the Minister; and
has, within 12 months before the date of application, successfully completed a flight review in accordance with section 921.07 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft conducted by a person qualified to act as a flight reviewer under subsection 901.175(2).
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No holder of a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless the holder has, within the 24 months preceding the flight,
been issued a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations under section 901.90; or
successfully completed
any of the examinations referred to in paragraph 901.55(b), 901.64(b) or 901.90(d),
any of the flight reviews referred to in paragraph 901.64(c) or 901.90(e), or
any of the recurrent training activities set out in section 921.04 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless the following are easily accessible during the operation:
the pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations issued under section 901.90; and
documentation demonstrating that the pilot meets the recency requirements set out in section 901.91.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No person shall commit an act referred to in paragraphs 901.58(a) to (c) in respect of an examination taken under this Division.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No person who fails an examination or a flight review taken under this Division shall retake the examination or flight review for a period of 24 hours after the examination or review.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division unless a declaration to the Minister has been made in accordance with section 901.194 in respect of that model of system and in respect of each of the technical requirements set out in Standard 922 that is applicable to the operation.
Despite subsection (1), a pilot may operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division without a declaration having been made in respect of the technical requirements set out in section 922.10 of Standard 922 if a visual observer maintains unaided visual contact with the airspace in which the remotely piloted aircraft is operating in a manner sufficient to detect conflicting air traffic and other hazards and take action to avoid them and the operation is conducted in accordance with the Standard 923 — Vision-Based Detect and Avoid.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No pilot shall operate a remotely piloted aircraft system under this Division if the system has been modified in any way unless
the pilot is able to demonstrate to the Minister that, despite the modification, the system continues to meet the technical requirements set out in Standard 922 that are applicable to the operation; and
if applicable, the modification was performed in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturer of the part or equipment used to modify the system.
No pilot shall conduct an operation described in paragraph 901.87(b) using a remotely piloted aircraft system that has been modified in any way unless the modification was performed in accordance with the instructions of the person who has made a declaration referred to in section 901.194 in respect of that model of system.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No person shall perform the duties of a flight reviewer for a flight review referred to in paragraph 901.64(c) unless that person
holds a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations endorsed with a flight reviewer rating under section 901.176 or a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations endorsed with such a rating; and
is able to demonstrate that they are affiliated with a training provider that has made a declaration to the Minister in accordance with the requirements of section 921.05 or 921.08 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft.
No person shall perform the duties of a flight reviewer for a flight review referred to in paragraph 901.90(e) unless that person
holds a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations endorsed with a flight reviewer rating under section 901.176; and
is able to demonstrate that they are affiliated with a training provider that has made a declaration to the Minister in accordance with the requirements of section 921.08 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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The Minister shall, on receipt of an application, endorse the applicant’s pilot certificate with a flight reviewer rating if the applicant demonstrates to the Minister that the applicant
is at least 18 years of age;
holds a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — advanced operations issued under section 901.64 or a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations issued under section 901.90 and meets the recency requirements set out in section 901.65 or 901.91, as the case may be;
has held one of the certificates referred to in paragraph (b) for at least six months immediately before the date of application; and
has successfully completed the examination “Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems — Flight Reviewers” in accordance with the document entitled Knowledge Requirements for Pilots of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems, 250 g up to and including 150 kg, Basic and Advanced Operations, TP 15263, published by the Minister.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No person shall commit an act referred to in paragraphs 901.58(a) to (c) in respect of an examination referred to in paragraph 901.176(d).
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No person who fails an examination referred to in paragraph 901.176(d) shall retake the examination for a period of 24 hours after the examination.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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A training provider is eligible to make a declaration to the Minister in accordance with the requirements of section 921.05 or 921.08 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft if the training provider is Canadian.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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A training provider that has made a declaration referred to in paragraph 901.175(1)(b) or (2)(b) shall
submit to the Minister the name of any person who is affiliated with the provider and who intends to perform the duties of a flight reviewer;
ensure that the person referred to in paragraph (a) conducts flight reviews in accordance with section 901.181; and
if the person referred to in paragraph (a) ceases to be affiliated with the provider, notify the Minister of that fact within seven days after the day on which the affiliation ceases.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No person shall conduct a flight review referred to in paragraph 901.64(c) or 901.90(e) unless the review is conducted in accordance with section 921.06 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No training provider shall deliver the RPAS ground school instruction referred to in paragraph 901.90(c) unless the training provider
has made a declaration to the Minister in accordance with the requirements of section 921.08 of Standard 921 — Remotely Piloted Aircraft; and
has appointed a chief ground instructor responsible for the delivery of the RPAS ground school instruction.
A training provider shall inform the Minister within 30 days after any change in the appointment of a chief ground instructor.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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No person shall act as chief ground instructor unless the person holds a pilot certificate — remotely piloted aircraft — level 1 complex operations issued under section 901.90 and endorsed with a flight reviewer rating under section 901.176.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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A training provider shall provide written proof of completion to every person who completes the RPAS ground school instruction referred to in paragraph 901.90(c).
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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A person who makes a declaration to the Minister in respect of a model of remotely piloted aircraft system and in respect of any technical requirement set out in Standard 922 shall do so in accordance with subsection (2).
The declaration shall
specify the legal name, trade name, if any, address and contact information of the person making the declaration and, in respect of the remotely piloted aircraft system,
the name of the model,
the configurable elements of the system,
the operations described in section 901.69 or 901.87 that the model of system is intended to conduct, and
the technical requirements set out in Standard 922 that are the subject of the declaration; and
indicate that the person making the declaration has verified that the model of system meets the technical requirements specified under subparagraph (a)(iv) and, in the case of a model for which an acceptance letter has been issued under section 901.196, has completed that verification using the means set out in the person’s application for an acceptance letter under subparagraph 901.196(2)(c)(ii).
In the case of a model of remotely piloted aircraft system that is intended to conduct any of the operations described in paragraph 901.69(f) or (g) or 901.87(b), no person shall provide the Minister with a declaration referred to in subsection (1) unless an acceptance letter has been issued in respect of that model of system under section 901.196 in the two years before the making of the declaration.
The declaration is invalid if
the Minister has determined that the model of remotely piloted aircraft system does not meet the technical requirements specified under subparagraph (2)(a)(iv);
the person who has made the declaration has provided a notification to the Minister under section 901.195; or
the person who has made the declaration has failed to submit their annual report in accordance with section 901.199.
In the case referred to in paragraph (4)(b) in respect of a notification referred to in paragraph 901.195(1)(b), the declaration is only invalid with respect to the operations described in paragraphs 901.69(f) and (g) and 901.87(b).
In the case referred to in paragraph (4)(c), the declaration is only invalid with respect to the operations described in paragraphs 901.69(f) and (g) and 901.87(b) and only for the period during which the annual report is outstanding.
A person who has made a declaration shall notify the Minister within 30 days after any change to the names, address or contact information referred to in paragraph (2)(a).
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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A person who has made a declaration referred to in section 901.194 shall notify the Minister of
any deficiency related to the model of remotely piloted aircraft system that causes the model to no longer meet the technical requirements specified under subparagraph 901.194(2)(a)(iv); and
the fact that they are no longer maintaining a service difficulty reporting system, if they are required to establish and maintain such a system under section 901.197.
The person shall notify the Minister, in the case referred to in paragraph (1)(a), as soon as feasible after the deficiency is identified and, in the case referred to in paragraph (1)(b), on the day on which the person ceases to maintain the service difficulty reporting system.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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The Minister shall, on receipt of an application containing the information set out in subsection (2), issue an acceptance letter to the applicant in respect of a model of remotely piloted aircraft system that is the subject of the application, if the applicant demonstrates the ability to
verify that the model of system meets the technical requirements set out in Standard 922 for which the applicant proposes to make a declaration referred to in section 901.194;
establish and maintain a service difficulty reporting system that meets the requirements of section 901.197; and
in the case of an applicant who manufactures an element of the remotely piloted aircraft system, ensure production consistency or, in the case of an applicant who provides a service that is an element of the system, ensure consistent activation and delivery of the service.
The applicant shall provide the following information:
the applicant’s legal name, trade name, if any, address and contact information;
a concept of operations that includes
a description of the principal design features and specifications of the remotely piloted aircraft system, including a technical description of
the remotely piloted aircraft, including the category of aircraft, such as a fixed-wing aircraft, rotary-wing aircraft, hybrid aircraft or lighter-than-air aircraft, and
all other elements of the system that are required for it to meet the technical requirements identified under subparagraph (c)(i),
an indication of the operations described in section 901.69 or 901.87 that the model of system is intended to conduct,
a description of any operating limitations of the system, including personnel or environmental limitations, that must be adhered to in order for the system to meet the technical requirements identified under subparagraph (c)(i),
any procedures for operating the system, instructions for integrating and testing the elements of the system and instructions related to the servicing and maintenance of the system, and
any mandatory actions that must be completed in order for the system to meet the technical requirements identified under subparagraph (c)(i);
a declaration plan that identifies
the technical requirements set out in Standard 922 for which the applicant proposes to make a declaration referred to in section 901.194,
the means to be used to demonstrate that the model system meets the technical requirements referred to in subparagraph (i), including any industry standards that will be followed and any proposed deviations from those standards, and how those means will demonstrate that the system meets those technical requirements,
the resources necessary for carrying out the demonstration referred to in subparagraph (ii), and
the schedule for carrying out the demonstration referred to in subparagraph (ii);
copies in English or French, or both, of all standards the applicant intends to follow to demonstrate that the system meets the technical requirements identified under subparagraph (c)(i);
documentation that demonstrates that the applicant has, or has access to, the technical capability to
conduct the design analyses and tests required to demonstrate that the system meets the technical requirements identified under subparagraph (c)(i),
manufacture any elements of the remotely piloted aircraft system for which the applicant is the manufacturer, and
support the operation of the remotely piloted aircraft system in service;
in the case of an applicant who manufactures an element of the system, a manufacturing plan that includes a description of the
manufacturing processes, including how the applicant will ensure production consistency,
quality control procedures, including with respect to work performed by a supplier contracted by the applicant, and
configuration management processes for all aspects of production;
in the case of an applicant who provides a service that is an element of the system, a commissioning plan that includes a description of the
procedures and tests for the service’s activation, and
procedures for verifying that the service is functioning as intended; and
a product support plan that describes how the applicant will support the operation of the system in service, including
a description of the service difficulty reporting system that the applicant will establish under section 901.197,
a description of the modifications that can be performed on the system by a person other than the applicant and any instructions with respect to those modifications,
a description of the required system maintenance and how the system, or elements of it, can be returned for maintenance, and
a description of how any mandatory actions will be made available to each user of the model of system.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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If a declaration referred to in section 901.194 is made in respect of a model of remotely piloted aircraft system for which an acceptance letter has been issued under section 901.196, the person who has made the declaration shall establish and maintain a service difficulty reporting system for the purpose of receiving, recording, analyzing and investigating reports and information concerning any reportable service difficulty related to that model.
The service difficulty reporting system shall include
a means for receiving reports and information concerning any reportable service difficulty; and
instructions regarding what information must be submitted to the person who has made the declaration.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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If a person receives a service difficulty report in respect of a model of remotely piloted aircraft system for which they have made a declaration referred to in section 901.194 and for which an acceptance letter has been issued under section 901.196, that person shall investigate the service difficulty and, if it results from a deficiency in the model that causes the system to no longer meet the technical requirements specified under subparagraph 901.194(2)(a)(iv), develop a mandatory action to rectify the deficiency.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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A person who has made a declaration referred to in section 901.194 in respect of a model of remotely piloted aircraft system for which an acceptance letter has been issued under section 901.196 shall submit to the Minister an annual report in respect of that model.
The annual report shall include
the name of the person submitting the report;
the name of the model of remotely piloted aircraft system;
the actual, if available, or estimated total number of hours of operation in Canada of systems of that model during the year to which the annual report relates; and
the number of reportable service difficulty reports received during the year to which the annual report relates, a summary of the reports in respect of which mandatory actions were developed and a description of those mandatory actions.
The annual report shall be submitted to the Minister each year by not later than the anniversary of the day on which the declaration referred to in section 901.194 was made.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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A person who has made a declaration referred to in section 901.194 in respect of a model of remotely piloted aircraft system shall make available to each user of that model of system
a maintenance program that includes
instructions related to the servicing and maintenance of the system, and
an inspection program to maintain system readiness;
any mandatory actions the person develops in respect of the system; and
an operating manual that includes
a description of the system,
the ranges of weights and centres of gravity within which the system may be safely operated under normal and emergency conditions and, if a weight and centre of gravity combination is considered safe only within certain loading limits, those limits and the corresponding weight and centre of gravity combinations,
with respect to each flight phase and mode of operation, the conditions required to maintain a stable command and control link and the minimum and maximum altitudes and velocities within which the remotely piloted aircraft can be operated safely under normal and emergency conditions,
a description of the effects of foreseeable weather conditions and other environmental conditions on the performance of the system,
the characteristics of the system that could result in severe injury to crew members during operation,
the design features of the system, and their associated operations, that are intended to protect against injury to persons not involved in the operations,
the warning information provided to the pilot in the event of a degradation in system performance that may result in an unsafe operation condition,
procedures for operating the system in normal and emergency conditions,
assembly, adjustment and modification instructions for the system, and
instructions for integrating the elements of the system.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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A person who has made a declaration referred to in section 901.194 in respect of a model of remotely piloted aircraft system shall keep, and make available to the Minister on request, a record of
any mandatory actions developed in respect of the system;
the results of, and the reports related to, the verifications that the person has undertaken to ensure that the model of system meets the technical requirements specified under subparagraph 901.194(2)(a)(iv); and
the results of any service difficulty investigations that the person has undertaken, if that person must establish and maintain a service difficulty reporting system under section 901.197.
The person shall keep the records referred to in subsection (1) for the later of
two years after the day on which manufacturing of the model of remotely piloted aircraft system permanently ceases; and
two years after the day on which the person provides a notification to the Minister under section 901.195.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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A person is eligible to hold an RPAS operator certificate if
with respect to a person who proposes to provide a commercial air service, the person is Canadian; or
in any other case, the person is
a Canadian citizen or a permanent resident of Canada,
a government in Canada or an agent or mandatary of such a government, or
a corporation or entity that is incorporated or formed under the laws of Canada or a province.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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The Minister shall, on receipt of an application containing the following information, issue an RPAS operator certificate:
the applicant’s legal name, trade name, if any, address and contact information;
the name of the accountable executive;
a declaration stating that the applicant has
an RPAS operations manual that meets the requirements of section 901.217,
the processes set out in section 901.218, and
a training program that meets the requirements of section 901.219; and
an indication of the type of operations the applicant intends to conduct and whether they intend to provide a commercial air service.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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An RPAS operator certificate shall contain the following information:
the legal name, trade name, if any, address and contact information of the RPAS operator;
the number of the certificate; and
the date of issue of the certificate.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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The general conditions of an RPAS operator certificate are the following:
the RPAS operator shall maintain an adequate organizational structure;
the RPAS operator shall conduct training in accordance with section 901.219;
the RPAS operator shall have remotely piloted aircraft systems that are properly equipped for the type of operation to be conducted;
the RPAS operator shall conduct maintenance of remotely piloted aircraft systems in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions; and
the RPAS operator shall notify the Minister of any change in its legal name, trade name, address and contact information of the RPAS operator within seven days of the change.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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Every RPAS operator shall establish and maintain an RPAS operations manual that consists of the following information:
a description of the roles and responsibilities of crew members before, during and after a flight;
a description of the roles and responsibilities of all operational and maintenance personnel and the hierarchy and chain of command within management;
the processes established under section 901.218;
the procedures established under section 901.23; and
a description of personnel training and qualifications, including a detailed syllabus of the RPAS operator’s training program established under section 901.219.
If there is a change in any aspect of an RPAS operator’s operations or the RPAS operations manual no longer meets the requirements of subsection (1), the RPAS operator shall amend its operations manual.
An RPAS operator shall provide a copy of its RPAS operations manual and a copy of every amendment to that manual to every person who is involved in the RPAS operator’s operations.
An RPAS operator shall provide a copy of its RPAS operations manual to the Minister on request.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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An RPAS operator shall establish and maintain processes for
setting goals for the improvement of aviation safety, measuring the attainment of those goals and addressing instances when those goals are not met;
identifying and documenting hazards to aviation safety and evaluating, managing and documenting the associated risks;
evaluating the effectiveness of measures taken to mitigate or remove the hazards and associated risks;
internally reporting and analyzing hazards, incidents and accidents and taking corrective actions to prevent their recurrence; and
ensuring that maintenance is conducted in accordance with the RPAS operator’s maintenance control manual.
The processes required under subsection (1) shall be under the control of the accountable executive appointed by the RPAS operator under paragraph 106.02(1)(a).
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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Every RPAS operator shall establish and maintain a training program that is designed to ensure that each person who receives training acquires the competence to perform their assigned duties.
An RPAS operator’s training program shall include
indoctrination training;
initial and annual training, including training in respect of
the models of remotely piloted aircraft operated by the RPAS operator,
remotely piloted aircraft servicing and ground handling, and
the procedures set out in the RPAS operations manual; and
a process for assessing the competency of each person who receives training and for evaluating the effectiveness of the training program.
An RPAS operator shall ensure that any training provided to meet the requirements of this section is based on the content of the RPAS operator’s training program.
No RPAS operator shall permit a person to act, and no person shall act, as an instructor unless
the person has demonstrated to the RPAS operator knowledge of the content of the RPAS operations manual; and
in the case of a flight training instructor, the person holds the pilot certificate required by this Part in respect of the operations to be conducted.
No RPAS operator shall permit a person to act, and no person shall act, as an instructor unless the person has received, before the day on which the person begins to act as an instructor, training that includes the following elements:
the teaching and learning processes;
instructional techniques; and
the student-instructor relationship.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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An RPAS operator shall appoint a person responsible for RPAS maintenance.
The person responsible for RPAS maintenance shall plan and oversee the maintenance of the RPAS operator’s remotely piloted aircraft systems, including coordinating maintenance arrangements with third-party maintenance providers.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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An RPAS operator shall establish and maintain a maintenance control manual that includes
the name of every person authorized by the RPAS operator to perform maintenance actions;
any records referred to in paragraph 901.223(1)(e); and
procedures for servicing, maintenance and pre-flight and post-flight inspections of the RPAS operator’s remotely piloted aircraft systems that are consistent with any instructions from the manufacturer.
The RPAS operator shall ensure that the maintenance control manual is made available to the Minister on request.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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An RPAS operator shall designate a pilot-in-command for each operation conducted under Division VI.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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Every RPAS operator shall keep the following records:
a record containing the names of the pilots, pilots-in-command and other crew members who are involved in each flight and, in respect of a remotely piloted aircraft system, the time of each flight or series of flights;
a record containing the names of the employees, the agents or mandataries and the representatives of the operator;
a record containing the names of every person who has received training provided by the operator and the nature of that training;
a record containing the registration numbers of all remotely piloted aircraft it operates; and
a record containing the particulars of any mandatory action and any other maintenance action, modification or repair performed on a remotely piloted aircraft system, including
the names of the persons who performed them,
the dates on which they were undertaken,
in the case of a modification, the manufacturer, model and a description of the part or equipment installed to modify the system, and
if applicable, any instructions provided to complete the work.
Every RPAS operator shall ensure that the records are made available to the Minister on request and are retained for a period of
in the case of the records referred to in paragraphs (1)(a), (b) and (c), 12 months after the day on which they are created; and
in the case of the records referred to in paragraphs (1)(d) and (e), 24 months after the day on which they are created.
SOR/2025-70, s. 94
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